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海南省海口市中山路天后宫
Hainan Province

位于中山路87号的海口天后宫,建于元代,距今有700多年的历史,是海南规模最大的妈祖庙,更是海口这座全国历史文化名城的重要文化载体。作为中华妈祖文化的重要组成部分,天后宫承载着海口老城区不可割断的文脉。

据明正德《琼台志》记载,最晚在元代,在琼山(今属海口)、万州(今万宁)、崖州(今三亚)和感恩(今东方)等地,就已经出现了“天妃庙”。不过,万宁、三亚和东方的“天妃庙”已无遗迹,唯有海口的尚存,遗址就在海口老街中山路和白沙门上村,庙名现叫“天后宫”。日本人小叶田淳的《海南岛史》也提到:“海南岛最初的天后庙,是元朝时代建在白沙津和海口的。”
海口中山路的“天后宫”,最后一次重修是在清咸丰十年(1860年),2000年6月15日,海口市政府将其遗址列为市级文物保护单位,不久被列为省级文保单位。同年11月,海口市商贸企业改制时,将“天后宫”当作直管公房抵扣职工安置费,作价卖给原中山华侨商场职工,“天后宫”曾一度成了私人店铺的仓库。现存的天后宫主体部分,飞檐走壁间,依然可见当年建筑的恢宏气势。建筑专家对它的建筑风格赞叹不已,认为那是典型的中国传统抬梁式结构,做工精细,雕工精美,亦可见妈祖文化在海南的源远流长。
从宋元开始,我国的海上交通和贸易迅速发展,海南作为海上航运要地,以及本身拥有的珍贵热带作物货源和海产品,吸引了大量商贾。随着海运经济的发展,妈祖文化便随福建或广东商人落籍海南,他们乘船渡海而来,一定立庙拜祭妈祖,他们的行为深刻地影响了本地居民及其后人。明嘉靖《琼州府志》写到:“今渡海往来者,官必告庙行礼,而民必祭卜方行。”每逢妈祖诞辰(三月二十三)和忌日(九月初九),岛上大都举行游神、演戏等活动,春秋二季,年年如此。
今天,延续700多年的妈祖大巡游为民祈福活动依然在海口市中山路老街上演,已成海口老城重要民俗文化活动,妈祖文化在海南依然呈现兴旺景象。妈祖大巡游从中山路启程,“天后宫”不可动摇的神圣地位由此可见一斑。

简介转载自:http://www.haikoutour.gov.cn/info/news_view.asp?ArticleID=12049

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Copyright: Hkaxiong
Type: Spherical
Resolution: 8000x4000
Taken: 21/11/2010
Uploaded: 22/02/2012
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Tags: hainan; haikou
More About Hainan Province

Hainan (English name: Hai Nan). Capital: Haikou, referred to as: Joan. Hainan Province on April 13 -1988, the Seventh National People's Congress adopted the first meeting of "the decision on the establishment of Hainan Province" and "On the Establishment of the Hainan Special Economic Zone of the resolution "; April 26, 1988, the CPC Hainan Province Committee of Hainan Provincial People's Government formally. Since then, Hainan became a province of the youngest and largest special economic zone, Hainan's development has entered a new historical period. South China Sea on Hainan Island is a bright pearl, is second only to the country's second largest island of Taiwan. Hainan is the smallest land area of China, the largest province of the marine area.


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