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This panorama was taken astride the trace of a normal fault in the rock platform at south Merewether (Burwoood Beach). The rocks to the southwest have been thrown down by about 10 metres compared to the rocks to the northeast. A useful marker unit here is the Dudley Coal Seam which appears below the surface of the rock platform to the west, yet it is several metres up the cliff section to the east. The seam is labelled in both positions. Note that the surface of the rock platform to the northeast of this point is the Bogey Hole Formation, but the platform to the southwest is the Bar Beach Formation (which is stratigraphically above the Dudley Coal Seam). The same offset is visible all the way up the cliff, with all geological units moved vertically along a steeply southwest-dipping normal fault of probable Cretaceous age.
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There are no kangaroos in Austria. We're talking about Australia, the world's smallest continent. That being cleared up, let's dive right in! Australia is a sovereign state under the Commonwealth of Nations, which is in turn overseen by Queen Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Australia and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth. The continent was first sighted and charted by the Dutch in 1606. Captain James Cook of Britain came along in the next century to claim it for Britain and name it "New South Wales." Shortly thereafter it was declared to be a penal colony full of nothing but criminals and convicts, giving it the crap reputation you may have heard at your last cocktail party. This rumor ignores 40,000 years of pre-European human history, especially the Aboriginal concept of Dreamtime, an interesting explanation of physical and spiritual reality. The two biggest cities in Australia are Sydney and Melbourne. Sydney is more for business, Melbourne for arts. But that's painting in very broad strokes. Take a whirl around the panoramas to see for yourself! Text by Steve Smith.