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美国 南达科他州 总统巨石(Mountain Rushmore)) ——世界上最大的人面雕刻
USA

在美国南达科他州境内西南部拉皮德城西南方的拉什莫尔山(Mount Rushmore)的东南坡上,有一群世界上最大的人面雕刻。因其山上雕刻着美国四位总统的头像,而被人称做“总统山”。 “总统山”原来是它的俗称,正式名称是“国立拉什莫峰纪念地”。 

  据说,“总统山”最初的构想,源于一位学者。1923年,一名姓罗伯特的学者,萌发了一个念头,他想在南达科他州黑山区坚硬的花岗岩石山峰顶上,雕凿一座象征美国的摩崖石刻人物雕像,他这一大胆的构想,随即得到当时著名的雕塑家鲍格姆的全力支持。经过几年的酝酿和精心策划。“总统山”摩崖石刻人物雕像的浩大工程,终于在1927年拉开了序幕。据史料透露,当时参加这项恢巨集工程的全美雕塑家就多达360多人。他们风餐露宿,忘我拼搏,在精心雕刻中,送走14个春秋,1934年,俗称“总统山”的摩崖石刻人特雕像浩大工程,终于全面竣工了。从此,“国立拉会莫峰纪念地”便以崭新的面貌,呈现在人们眼前。 

  依山开凿,雕刻的“总统山”,端庄、凝重、气势恢弘。四位总统的头像从左至右共分四排,左起第一位是乔治•华盛顿,在第一排;第二位是汤玛斯•杰佛逊,在第二排,位于乔治•华盛顿之后;右起第一位是亚伯拉罕•林肯,在第三排;右起第二位是狄奥多•罗斯福,在第四排。这些虚实并重的半身石刻雕塑像,体量很大,每位总统的面孔,从下颏到头顶部,分别从18米到21米不等。其中,仅林肯的嘴唇,就宽达6米多。 

  在四位总统石刻头像的山脚下,簇拥着苍松、柏,下面是宽宽的大道。大道两侧竖立着十几根方柱,美国五十个州的州旗分别以四面一组装饰在大理石饰面的方柱上,象征美利坚合众国的联邦国体。 

  在美国历届总统中,当年的雕塑艺术家为什么选中这四位总统代表美国的象征呢?这是游人在游览“总统山”时,头脑中出现的一个问号。在皎洁的月光下,游客们坐在“总统山”山麓露天影剧场,观看一部历史文献纪录片后,就可得到了回答。美国首任总统华盛顿,是他领导美国人民赢得了独立,制定了宪法,创建了国家,美国公众亲切称他为“国父”;汤玛斯•杰佛逊,是参与起草《独立宣言》的开国有功人物,当选总统后,坚信个人权利和自由,把民主政治向前推进一大步;十六任总统亚伯拉罕•林肯,在美国人民心目中,享有崇高的声誉,美国公众对这位总统的评价是不矫柔造作,说话、办事老实。特别是1863年,他发布了“解放黑奴宣言”后,公众更称颂他是“伟大的解放者”,而狄奥多•罗斯福,这位二十六任总统,因在美国西部战争中战功显著,而获得“圣胡安山英雄”的赞誉。 

  这里每天来自世界各国的瞻仰者络绎不绝。特别是每年的二月,美国‘华盛顿、林肯节’(亦称总统节,因为华盛顿、林肯分别诞生于二月二十二日和二月十二日),更是人山人海。

http://www.7usa8.com/chs/news.aspx?ID=22


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全景摄影 刘运增

 

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Copyright: 刘运增
Type: Spherical
Resolution: 11306x5653
Taken: 13/09/2013
上传: 08/12/2013
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Tags: american south dakota mount rushmore national memorial sculpture presidents
More About USA

The United States is one of the most diverse countries on earth, jam packed full of amazing sights from St. Patrick's cathedral in New York to Mount Hollywood California.The Northeast region is where it all started. Thirteen British colonies fought the American Revolution from here and won their independence in the first successful colonial rebellion in history. Take a look at these rolling hills carpeted with foliage along the Hudson river here, north of New York City.The American south is known for its polite people and slow pace of life. Probably they move slowly because it's so hot. Southerners tend not to trust people from "up north" because they talk too fast. Here's a cemetery in Georgia where you can find graves of soldiers from the Civil War.The West Coast is sort of like another country that exists to make the east coast jealous. California is full of nothing but grizzly old miners digging for gold, a few gangster rappers, and then actors. That is to say, the West Coast functions as the imagination of the US, like a weird little brother who teases everybody then gets famous for making freaky art.The central part of the country is flat farmland all the way over to the Rocky Mountains. Up in the northwest corner you can find creative people in places like Portland and Seattle, along with awesome snowboarding and good beer. Text by Steve Smith.


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