Wikipedia:  "In 2001, RENFE ordered sixteen Velaro, which will be designated AVE S-103. The order was later added to for a total of 26 trains. The trains will serve the 621 km Barcelona—Madrid line at speeds up to 350 km/h for a travel time of 2:25 hours.

The first units were delivered in July 2005 and completed their first test runs in January 2006.

On 15 July 2006 a train achieved a top speed of 403.7 km/h between Guadalajara and Calatayud on the Madrid—Zaragoza line. This is a Spanish record for railed vehicles and a world record for unmodified commercial service trainsets, as the earlier TGV (world record of 574.8 km/h) and ICE records were achieved with specially modified and shortened trainsets, and the Shinkansen (443 km/h, 1996) record was for a test (non-commercial) trainset."