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美国 洛杉矶 盖蒂艺术中心1——现代主义的建筑杰作
Los Angeles

从洛杉矶市区驱车往西,到加州405号州际高速公路后向北不远就可以看到绵延不断的圣莫尼卡山脉,在山上海拔881英尺高的山崖处矗立着一群奇特的建筑,这就是闻名遐尔的洛杉矶盖蒂中心(格蒂中心)。它包括一座非常现代化的美术博物馆,一个艺术研究中心和一所漂亮的花园。

  洛杉矶盖蒂中心(Getty Center)位于圣塔莫尼卡(Santa Monica)山脚。鸟瞰洛杉矶全景的盖蒂中心是由世界一流建筑师理查德·迈耶(Richard Meier)设计的。简洁的线条,明快的色调,自然的采光,室内天井与室外花园浑然一体,开放的空间集具细腻与粗糙的和谐美感。保罗盖蒂(JPaul Getty)因石油致富,二十三岁即成为百万富翁,培养出他出类拔萃的文艺鉴赏及收集艺术品的雅好。一九六八年他选定在马里布(Malibu)太平洋海岸公路边的山上作为馆址。

  盖蒂中心藏品虽然只有五万件左右,但质量实属上乘,因为其中包括许多大师的重要作品,尤其是文艺复兴时期的一些珍品更为难得。而绘画馆内的近代绘画如印象派绘画不少也属大师的代表作,其中包括凡高的名画《鸢尾花》。盖蒂中心的另一特点是建筑与环境景观设计的协调。在美术馆庭院间处处点缀着水池、山石和植物景观,巨大的圆形中央花园里400多株杜鹃花组成了一个植物的迷宫,其灵感则是源于典型的欧洲园艺传统。盖蒂花园中还种植着300多种不同的植物,总共达一万余株,其中最惹人注目的是昂首怒放的洛杉矶市花——鹤望兰。

1990年10月9日,盖蒂中心设计案正式公开,除了美术馆,基金会各相关部门都有专属共享的建筑物,所以合计有七组主要建筑群。 从地下停车场搭电梯到电车站,大约5分钟左右的车程,就可以目睹位在山丘上的「小城」(盖蒂中心主体)。为免过于庞大的建筑量体破坏景观,盖蒂中心地下化达六层之多。 盖蒂中心予人的第一印象是直径75英呎,挑高三层的门厅,在门厅可以看到被馆舍包围的庭园,庭园的观念源自马里布的盖蒂博物馆。 由于新博物馆规模巨大,迈尔有心借着串连不同时代的展览室之际,让参观者不时地接触自然,发挥基地本身的特色,让参观者有机会饱览洛杉矶的天际线。

  流连欣赏馆内的展品之际,室内柔和的光线烘托出艺术品,这也是迈尔精心设计的成就。迈尔以自然光为光源,为了避免紫外线对画作等艺术品造成伤害,所以来自上方的光线是经过多次反射、漫射才进入室内。 即使建筑物的屋顶全是平的,其间的奥妙变化,从室内高度的不同与天花板的变化皆可窥悉。 「光是生命」迈尔如是强调,他很巧妙的营造出有生命的展览室,回避了通常美术馆以人工照明的光害问题。盖蒂中心设计与施工皆有相当的水准,当初的预算是6亿美元,随着设计修正,需求增加,预算节节高升,到完工时,宣布的花费高达10亿美元。


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全景摄影 刘运增

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Copyright: 刘运增
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Taken: 19/09/2012
上传: 02/01/2014
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Tags: the getty center los angeles ca united states modernist architectural masterpiece
More About Los Angeles

Overview and History Alllllrightie now, here's your soundtrack. Please click on "Hollywood" before you make another move. "LA Woman" is next up on your playlist.Quick math lesson:"If you've got it, flaunt it. If you don't got it, invent it and then flaunt it."Los Angeles is the second biggest city in the USA, it's in Southern California where you can go surfing or snowboarding whenever you want, and it means "City of Angels."LA was first named in 1781 by a Spanish governor who called it "El Pueblo de Nuestra Senora la Reina de los Angeles de la Porciuncula", which means you need to go back to Spanish class.I mean, "The Village of our Lady the Queen of the Angels of Porziuncula." (The Porzincula part refers to a chapel in Italy dating back to the fourth century AD, not a native American tribe or anything local.)Mexico inherited Los Angeles when it won its independence from Spanish rule in 1821. Twenty-five years later LA became part of the United States territory in the treaty that ended the Mexican-American War. California became a state of the US soon after, and LA started getting excited for the arrival of Jim Morrison and the Doors.Railroads laid track to LA in 1876, which was very convenient for transporting the oil supply which was discovered in 1892 and Pow! The economy took off. With that, the population exploded, everybody ran out of water, you know, the usual story.Now that I think about it, LA has documented this story in a TV series called "The Beverly Hillbilles." Just watch the opening credits and you'll get the whole concept. This was one of the longest-running and most popular TV shows ever made in the States, which is why most Americans will think "swimming pools... movie stars..." when you say "Callyfurnia."And LA is where the TV and movies come from, specifically Hollywood, or Tinseltown, in the Hollywood Hills. This is where it all comes from, dancing pictures across the silver screen! If you've watched American TV, you've seen it. Here's the Bat Cave from "Batman".The first movie made in Hollywood dates to 1910, ("In Old California") and the first western TV station began broadcasting there in 1947.Oh, by the way, LA sits on the San Andreas geologic fault line. Fault lines are prone to earthquakes, and everybody expects LA to fall into the ocean someday.Getting There As soon as the wheels touch the ground, the cellphones flip open and you start overhearing people loudly telling everyone what their next appointment is. That's how you know you're in LA. The phone doesn't even have to be on.LAX is the main airport where it all goes down. Shuttle buses connect the airport to the city's Metro Green Line.TransportationLA is a driving city; you need a car so you have a place to sit while you are waiting in traffic. Worst traffic jams and road rage on earth.Contrary to popular belief, they actually do have a public transportation system with buses and a metro and everything in LA. Fares cost $1.25 for a single ride, $5.00 for a day pass, if you're interested. See, the thing is you need a window you can roll down to flip people the bird.Visit the LA Union Station just to see one of the last great railway stations, as it's known.People and Culture Rock and roll! Do you know what that means? That means you can do whatever the hell you want, really loud, and it should probably bounce up and down at some point... sort of like the Baroque Period, but instead of gold you can use neon and breast implants too. They both bounce a lot better than gold, anyway.Charles Mingus, The Doors, The Mothers of Invention, Guns N' Roses, Public Enemy, N.W.A, Snoop DoggThese people did not get there by asking anyone else for permission, see what I'm saying? Dr. Dre's classic album "The Chronic" will instruct you in everything else you need to know about L.A.Famous L.A. writers who did the same thing but on paper: Charles Bukowski, Raymond Chandler, John Fante.Q:How do you say, "F--- You" in LA?A: "Call me."Things to do & RecommendationsDisneyland is a massively popular vacation destination, especially for people with children. Walt Disney was the pioneer of animation who created Mickey Mouse, Bambi, Cinderalla and some interesting WWII training films.Architecture: Disney's Concert Hall designed by Frank Gehry. For more architecture, look up the architect Frank Lloyd Wright and visit some of the residences he built.For some of the artistic flavor of LA, you can do lunch at Casbah Cafe on Sunset Boulevard, and catch some live jazz at Spazio.Absorb the genius of Diego Rivera in the LA County Museum of Art, and then ask yourself how you will do something to keep up with him and Batman. Thank you L.A.! Text by Steve Smith.


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